Esal-e-Sawab (Fatiha) ka Tariqa aur Iski Sharaee Haisiyat, Mai Dalail.
1. Fatiha Kya Hai
2. Fatiha me hota kya hai
3. Esal-e-sawab ke dauran hone wale umaman tariqo ka saboot
a. Rozon ke zariye esal-e-sawab
b. Namaz k zariye esal e sawab
c. Dua k zariye nijat:
d. Gulam ko azad karna, sadqa aur Hajj k zariye esal-e-sawab
e. Dusro k sawab pahunchane k liye janwar zibah karna
f. Quran ki tilawat k zariye Esal-e-sawab
4. Khana samne rakhkar Haat Uthana aur Dua Karna
5. Teeja, Dahum, Chahelum Ki Sharayee Haisiyat
6. Sawal Jawab
a. Maut ke baad aur naik amal k darawaze band hone se kya murad hai
b. “Insaan wahi payega jo isne kiya” se murad kya hai
c. 3 din se pahle Khatm-e-Quran karna kaisa hai
d. Kya marne wale ka Esal-e-sawab pahunchaye jane ka ilm hota hai,jab ke wo dhair sari mitthi ki niche dafn hai
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1. Fatiha kya hai:
Fatiha me bahot sare amal shamil hai. Fatiha ki bahot sari surtey hain, jaise Qurani ya kuch ayaton ki tilawat, durrod, dua, furqa ko/rishtedaro ko khana khilana aur in aamal ka sawab Apne guzarjane walo aur ummatiyou ko pahunchana, is ko fatiha/esal-e-sawab kahte hain.
Jismani ibadat aur paise k tawoon (jaise ghareebo ko khana khilana/borewell lagwana)dono k zariye musalamaano ko easal e sawab pahunchana jayez hai, aur inka sawab inko milega jinko pahunchayagaya hai, ye Quran, Ahadith aur fuqaha ikram se sabit hai. Ahadith me iski ahmiyat o barkatoun ka zikr hai. Isi wajah se fatiha mustahab (bahter) and mustahsan(sunnah se sabit) hai.
Kuch log ka khayal hai k esal-e-sawab pahli k daur aur sahaba ikram me nahi tha is liye isko biddah aur kuch to shirk ka naam dete hain, jab k aisa nahi hai. Insha Allah aney wale hissoun me fatiha aur esal-e-sawab ka jawaz Quran aur Ahadith ki raushni me bayan kiya jayega. Tafseeli parhain aur dusro ko bhi pahunhchayain, ummid hai ke ye aapke ilm me izafa karega aur dusro ko bhi fatiha ko samjhne ne me madad karega.
2. Fatiha me hota kya hai?
Umuman esal-e-sawab k dauran pahle surah fatiha ki tilawat ki jati hai, isiliye ye amal fatiha ke naam se mashoor huwa.
Allama shami (rah) fatiha kiye jane wale amal ka khulasa kartey huwe farmatey hain " و يقرء من القران ماتيسرله من الفاتحة و اول البقرة و اية الکرسي و امن الرسول و سورة يس و تبارک الملک و سوره التکاثر و الاخلاص اثني عشر مرة او احدي عشر او سبعا او ثلاثا ثم يقول اللهم اوصل ثواب ماقرئناه الي فلان او اليهم
Mahfoom: fatiha kisi bhi khaas mauqe per aur is tarah padhi ja sakti hai, shuru me surah fatiha ki tilawat hogi, phir surah baqrah ki pahli aur aqree teen ayatain, surah yaseen, surah mulk, surah takathur aur akeer me surah iklas 12 ya 11 ya 7 ya 3 martaba phir Allah azzawajal se dua karain k iska sawab ka falan bin falan shaks ko pahunchey (Raddul Mukhtar, Qir’at lil Mayyit, Baab ad-Dafan, Vol. 1, Page 666)
Uper, fatiha ka ek tariqa bataya gaya hai. Kam alfaz me kaha jaye to jo shaks fatiha dena chahta ho wo Quran e pak ki tilawat karey aur Allah azzajawal se dua kare k iska sawab falan bin falan shakhs ko pahunche aur iske maghfirat o buland darjat k liye dua kare. Dono haat uthakar fatiha o duwa kare k dua me haat uthana sunnat hai, in sha Allah iski wazahat bhi agey ki jayegi.
Waise her accha aur jayez kaam k zariye esal-e-sawab pahunchaya ja sakta hai. Magar umuman jo tilawat fatiha k dauran ki jaati hai wo ye hai.
1. Surah fatiha 1 baar
2. Surah iqlas 3/7/11 jaise asani ho
3. Surah falaq 1 baar
4. Surah naas 1 baar
5. Durood shareef (1/2/5/7 or jaise asani ho)
Phir Allah subhanahu wa tala se tialawat aur khana khilane ka sawab apne guzarne walo (zinda aur tamam ummatiyoun ko bhi shamil karsaktey hain) ata karne ke liye fariyad karain aur inke liye aur apne liye bakhshish o buland darjaat ki dua karain
3. Esal-e-sawab k dauran hone wale umaman tariqo ka saboot.
a. Rozon ke zariye esal-e-sawab
i. Hazrath Aisa ؓ se riwayat hai ka huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya, "agar kisine rozo ki niyyat ki aur guzar gaye to inke apno ko chahiye k wo inke liye roze rakhain [Sahih Bukhari, kitab al saum (book of fasting) 31, hadith 173] Ek aur hadees me manqool hai ke “Ek sahabiyaa ne safar ki khairiyat k liye ek mahine k rozon ki mannat ki, Allah k fazl se wo ba-khairyt pahunchgayi, magar rozey rakhne se pahle hi sahibiyya ka intiqaal kargayi, to inki bahen/beti ne Huzoor ﷺ ko majra sunaya to aapne ﷺ marhooma ki taraf se roze rakhne ko kaha. [Sunan abu dawood, Kitab Al-Aiman Wa Al-Nudhur 21/3302]
b. Namaz k zariye esal e sawab:
ii. Mashoor sahabi Abu Hurayra ؓ ne kuch logon ko wasiyat ki Masjid-e-Ashaar me do rakat nafeel ada karey aur namaz k baad kahain "Haza li Abi Hurayra" yane ye Abu hurayra k liye. (Sunan Abi Dawood, Kitab al-Malaahim, Vol 11, Page 285, Hadith 3754 :: Shau’b al-Iman lil Baheeqi, Bab al Fazail al-Hajj wal Umrah, Vol 9, Page 152, Hadith 3960 :: Mishkaat, Babul Fitan wal Malaahim, Baab 2)
Uper ki riwayat se 3 cheezain wazey hain.
Dusro ko liye jismani ibadat esal-e-sawab karna
Zuban k izhar k saat naam lekar esal-e-sawab pahunchana.
Saleh logon ki masjido me zyada sawab hasil karne ki niyyat se namaz parna
c. Dua k zariye nijat:
iii. Imam Bukhari (rah) likhte hain, k huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya, 'Jab marne walo ka maratib (Qabr me) badhte hai to wo Allah azzawajal se iski wajah puchenge. Allah azzawajal farmayega, 'tumhare bete (aulad) ne tumhari muafi k liye dua ki [Al Adab al Mufrad, walidain ki ahmiyat (excellence of parents, Ch 19/Hadees 36]
Is hadees se pata chala ki sirf roza aur namaz hi nahi balke dua se bhi qabr me aram karne walo ko faida hoga.
d. Gulam ko azad karna, sadqa aur Hajj k zariye esal-e-sawab.
iv. Hazrath Abdullah ibn Amr ؓ se riwayat hai, "Al-As ibn Wail ne wasiyat ki inke naam se (on his behalf) 100 ghulam azad kiye jayain. Unke farzand Hisham ne 50 ghulam azad kiye aur dusre farzand Amr ne baqi 50 ghulam ko azad karne ki niyat ki magar kaha k pahle huzoor ﷺ se dariyaft karenge. Phir wo aap ﷺ ki bargah me aaye aur kaha k mere walid ne 100 ghulam azad karne k liye kaha tha, Hisham ne 50 ghulam azad kiye kya baqi 50 ghulam mai azad karsakta hoon? To, ﷺ ne farmaya, agar wo (walid) musalmaan they aur tumlogon ne inke naam se ghulam azad kiye ya sadqa diya ya hajj kiya to wo inhe pahunchega (Abu dawood, kitab al wasiyya 17, 2877)
v. Hazrat syedna saad bin ubada ؓ ne arz ki Ya Rasool’Allah ﷺ meri maa intiqaal ker gai hain, kya main unki terf se sadqa kar sakta hoon, to sarkar ﷺ ne kaha 'haan', phir hazrath saad ؓ ne pucha konsa sadqa afzal rahega? to sarkaar ﷺ ne farmaya,” Paani “ chunanchey unhone madine me aik kunwaan (well) khudwaya aurkaha,” ye umm-e-saad k lye hai “ (Sunan Nisaee, Kitab al wasiya 3666)
vi. Isi tarah Bukhari aur Muslim shareef me riwayat hai k sahabi ؓ Allah k Rasool ﷺ ke paas aaye aur aye aur faramaya, ya rasool allah ﷺ meri walida ka achanak intiqal hogaya ﷺ aur unhone kuch wasiyat na ki aur agar karti to zaroor sadqa dene k liye kahti, agar mai inki tarf se sadaqa karoon to kya unhe iska sawab milega, sarkar ﷺ ne farmaya haan. To sahabi ؓ ne kaha, 'mai aapko gawah banata hoon aur apne khajooro se bhara baagh sadqa karta hoon [Sahih bukhari, kitab al-sasiya 51, hadith 19, Sahih Muslim, kitab al wasiya 13, Number 4003]
In ahadees se ye wazey hai k sadaqa karne se marne walon ko faida hasil hota hai.
e. Dusro k sawab pahunchane k liye janwar zibah karna
vii. Hazrath Jabir bin Abdullah ؓ se riwayat hai, k jab hum Rasool Allah ﷺ k saat Hajj pe they to ek oont (camel) ko saat logon ki tarf se zibah kiya gaya aur gaey (cow) ko bhi saat logon k tarf se zibah kiya gaya [sahih muslim, kitab al Hajj-7, Hadith 3026]
viii. Abu dawud shareef me Hadees manqool hai k, sayyiduna Ali ؓ hamesha do bakre zibah kiya karte, ek Huzoor ﷺ k tarf se aur ek apni taraf se, jab kisi ne iski wajah puchi, to aap ؓ ne farmaya k huzoor ﷺ ne mujhe is ka hukm diya yahi wajah hai k mai ise kabhi tark nahi karta [Mahfoom -e-Hadees, Abu Dawood, kitab 15, hadees 2784, Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1495]
ix. Isi tarah huzoor ﷺ bhi do bakre zibah kiya karte they, ek apni taraf se aur ek sari ummat k taraf se [Mahfoom-e-hadith, Abu dawood, kitab Al-Dahaya 15, Hadith 2789, Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1521] Qurbani k hisse bhi isi tarah ada hote hain.
f. Quran ki tilawat k zariye Esal-e-sawab:
x. Huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya, "Jo koi Allah ki raza k liye sura yaseen padta tha uske pichle gunah muaf ho jatey hain, to ise apne marne walon liye padha karo [Tirmidhi Shareef, Hadees 2178, Imam Bayhaqi ne bhi ise Shu’ab al-Iman me naqal kiya](*takey gunah muaf ho maut ki saqtee aasan ho)
xi. Al Ala ibn al Lajlaj ؓ ne apni aulad ko wasiyat ki k, "jab tum meri tadfeen karo, to lahd (baghli*) me rakhte waqt ye kaho "Bismillah wa ala millati Rasulillah" - (In the name of Allah and according to the way of Allah's messenger/Allah ke naam se aur huzoor ﷺ k sunnat k mutabiq), phir tadfeen kardo aur mere sarahne (head side) surah baqrah ki tilawat karo k ye amal umar ؓ pasand kiya karte they. [Imam Bayhaqi, al-Sunan al-Kubra (4:56) :: Ibn Qudama, al-Mughni (2:474, 2:567, 1994 ed. 2:355) :: Al-Tabarani, al-Kabir aur Imam Haythami, Majma` al-zawa’id (3:44)]
xii. Isi tarah Ibn Majah me Hadees manqool hai, k huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya " apne murdon/marne walo per (Inda mautakum/عِنْدَ مَوْتَاكُمْ) (surah Yaseen) pardho (iqrahu/اِقْرَؤُو ) [Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitab Al Janaiz, hadees1438, Abu dawood, kitab al janaiz 20 hadees 3115, Nasaee, Ibn Hibban, Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih] iski sharah me bayan farmaya gaya k inda mautakum se murad marne wale (aw) aur murday yani marne k baad (Ba'ad) bhi hai. (Sharh Sunan Ibn Majah Al Sanadi, 'Awn Al Ma’bud Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud')
4. Khana samne rakhkar Haat Uthana aur Dua Karna:
Aksar logon ko tilawat, dua, sadaqa, khairat, ghareebo/rishtedar ko khilane/pilane k zariye esal-e-sawab pahunchane me nahi balke umuman khana samne rakhkar fatiha dene aur dua karne per aiteraz hota hai.
To yahan ahem sawal ye hai k kya fatiha k dauran khana samne rakhna jayez ya nahi? Ya ye amal biddat/gunah/shirk/kufr kahlaiga?. Lehaza humne koshish ki k is suwal ko Quran-o-hadees ki raushni me tafseeli bayan kiya jaye. Waise is talluq se bahot sari ahadees-o-riwayat hain jinme se chand niche naqhs ki gayee hain.
a) Imam Tirmidhi, likhthe hain, ek dafa Hazrath abu Huraira ؓ ne kuch khajoor huzoor ﷺ ki khidmat me pesh ki aur isme barkat hone k liye dua ki darqast ki, huzoor ﷺ ne khajoor ko milaya aur barkat ki dua ki aur khajoor ki thaili (bag) abu Huraira ؓ dete huwe farmaya, jitney khajoor hona ho isse nikal lena aur bag ko kabhi na kholo, Abu Huraira ؓ farmatey hain isme itni barkat huwi k farmaya ‘maine falan falan tadat me untoun (camels) se bhare huwe khajoor Allah ki raah me istimal kilye, kuch khaye aur kuch dusro ko diye, ye barkat tab tak thi jab tak ek jung me thaili (bag) cut gayee. [Mahfoom-e-Hadees: Tirmidhi, Bab al-Manaqib, Vol 12, Page 327, Hadith 3774 (English 1539), isko Miskaat shareef, Bab-al-Mujizaat me bhi darj kiya gaya]
b) Tabuk ki jung ke dauran ek waqt aisa aya k muslim fauj me khane ki kami hogayee. Huzoor ﷺ ne sabko hukm diya k apne apne paas jo kuch ho wo aapki ﷺ khidmat me pesh karain. Sahaba ikram ؓ ne jo kuch unke paas tha huzoor ﷺ ki khidmat me pesh kiya. Is per ek kapda (cloth) dala gaya aur huzoor ﷺ ne is per barkat k liye dua ki. Phir farmaya ise wapis bartano me daldo (zakhire k taur per) aur khane k auqat me istimal karna [Mishkat al-Masabih, Baab al-Maujizat, Page 539]
c) Hazrat anas bin malilk ؓ se riwayat hai ke, Huzoor ﷺ se Hadrate zainab ؓ ki shadi k dauran, hadrathe um-sulaim ؓ ne thodasa mitha (Haisa) banakar huzoor ki khidmat me tohfa bhijwaya. Huzoor ne mujhe e falan falan shakhs ko bulanay ko kaha phir farmaya aur rastey me jo bhi mile unko bhi bulana. Jab mai wapis lauta to bahot sare log jama hogaye, Huzoor ne khane pe haat rakhkar jo kuch chaha padha phir chand chand logon ko khane k liye andar bulwaya hatta k sab sairab hogaye (sab ne khaya). [Bukhari, Kitab al Nikah 62, Hadees 92m, Mishkat al-Masabih, Baab al-Maujizat, Page 539]
d) Isi tarah Ghazwa-e-Khandaq (battle of trench) me bhi huzoor ne khane per barkat ke liye padha/dua ki, hazrate Jabir ؓ ne Ghazwa-e-Khandaq ki dauran huzoor per bhook ki shiddat mahsoos ki, apne ghar gaye aur apni ahliya se sara majra sunaya ghar me kuch aata aur ek bakri ka baccha tha, hazrate jabir ne bakri ka baccha zibah kiya aur Huzoor k paas pahunche aur ahiste huzoor ko aur ek sahabi k dawat k liye kaha, isper huzoor ne khare hokar sare sahaba ko liye Jabir k ghar dawat ka aelaan kardiya aur Jabir ؓ se farmaya mai jab tak ghar na pahunchu tabtak gosh chulhe se na utarna aur na roti dalna, phir aap ghar tashreef laye to Hazrat Jabir ؓ k ahlia pareshan huwe aur aata lekar aap ki khidmat me aaye, huzoor ne apna luab-e-dahn (thook shareef) isme dala aur kuch pardha phir gosht k bartan ki taraf badhay isme luab-e-dahn dala aur kuch padha, phir roti dalne ko kaha aur farmaya bartan ko chulhe se mat utarna, kamo besh 1000 sahabi ne isme se khaya. Jab sab chalegaye to Jabir ra farmate hain bartan me abhi bhi gosht bhara huwa hai aur aata utna hi baq tha bina kisi kami ke [Sahih bukhari, kitab al Mahaazi-59, hadees 428]
Khane pe fatiha ya dua-e-barkat karne ka alawa yahan ek aur ghour talab baat ye hai ke jis khane pe fatiha ya dua-e-barkat ki jaye wo samne rakhi jayegi . Ye sunnate Rasool ﷺ hai jaise upper ki Ahadees se wazey hai. Misal k taur per jab janaze k liye maghfirat ki dua ki jaati hai to Janaza Imam k samne rakhkar Allah hi k huzoor dua ki jaati hai. Waise hi khana, dua karne wale ke samne rakhkar ki jati hai. Jab khane ko samne rakhkar dua karne ki wazahat sunnate Rasool me maujood ho to is per aiteraz karne ki koi wajah nahi banti.
Huzoor ﷺ ne jab janwar ki khurbani di to ummat ki salamti k liye dua is tarah ki " اللهم هذا من امة محمد ", " Aye Allah! is Qurbani ko meri Ummat ki taraf se khubool farma, jabk Qurbani ka janwar aap ke samne padha huwa tha [Sunan Abu Dawood, V2, pg 30] - Yahan bhi Qurabni ka janwar samne rakke dua karna aur iska sawab sari ummat ko pahuchaya, 'Jo guzar gaye, jo zinda hai aur jo paida hone hain aur kuch jo 1000 saal ke baad duniya me aayenge'.
Isi tarah aqiqe ki dua bhi aqiqe k janwar ko samne rakhkar ki jaati hai. Her khana khane se pahle Bismillah padna shariyat ku hukm hai, jab k khana aap k samne hota hai, jo k Quran hi k alfaz hai. Eesal-e-Sawab k liye fatiha dena aur dua-e-barkat karna pe isi tarah hai bade paimane pe magar kisi khism se juda ya khilafe shariyat nahi.
5. Teeja, Dahum, Chahelum Ki Sharayee Haisiyat:
Uper ki gayi guftegu se ye baat wazey hai ke,
1) Maalli aur Badani ibadaat ka sawab marhoom aur digar ummat ko esal-e-sawab ke tour per pahunchaya jasakta hai
2) Esal-e-sawab se Marhoom ko naf'aa pahunchta hai.
3) Esal-e-sawab sunnate rasool ﷺ aur sunnate sahaba hai.
4) Khana samne rakhkar isme barkat aur dusro ko sawab pahunchane ki niyaat se tilawat aur dua karna sunnat e rasool ﷺ hai.
Fatiha, Teeja (Jo fatiha teesre din ki jaati hai), Dahum(10 we din ki jaane wali), Chaliswaan (40 din), Salana fatila waghaira, ye sab esal-e-sawab ki shaqain hai. Sab me wahi cheez hoti hai jo uper batayee gayi hain, tilawate Quran-e-paak, Nafeel ibadat, durood aur sadqa waghaira. Ye sab jama kiya jata hai aur iska sawab marhoom ko pahunchaya jata hai.
Marhoom pe sabse zyada saqt waqt, qabr ki taraf lejate waqt, suwal jawab, qabr ki pahli raat aur ibtedayee awqaat hotey hain aur isime marhoom ko in cheezo ki zyada zaroorat hoti hai. Jaise k Ahadees me hai Huzoor ﷺ tadfeen k baad mazar pe rukte aur sahaba ko farmatey k apne bhai k liye dua karo, k tumhare bhai k liye ye purshish aur badi muskil ki ghadi hai [mahfoom Abu Dawood, kitabul janaiz 20/3215] " isi tarah uper zikr ki gayi sahabi ki wasiyat ke "tadfeen k baad meri qabr per itni der khare hona ke oont zibah karke gosht taqseem kiya jaye aur suwal jawab ki talqeen karna takey tumhari maujoodgi me mujhe sukoon mile aur sawal jawab me asani ho" aur ek sahabi ka tadfeen k baad surah baqra ki tilawat ke liye wasiyat karna, aysi kai riwayat hain jahan se sabit hai ke ibtedayee auqat mushkil hote hain aur in mushkil auqat me marhoom ko dua, tilawate quran-e-pak k zairye naf'aa aur sukoon hasil hota hai.
Misal k tour pe jab naazo se pali ladki ki shaadi ho jaye to usko apne maa/baap/ghar jahan wo 20 se 25 saal pali badi usko chorkar naye ghar, naye rishte, naye taur tariqe me basna hota hota hai, apno ki duri aur naya pan aur ek khism ka khouf. zindegi bhar wo wahin rahegi lekin ibtedayee auqat jab me tak wo us cheez ki aadi na hojaye kaifiyat alag hoti hai. ibteda me ghar walo ka ana jana zyada hota hai takey ladki ko in auqat me sukoon mile waqt k saat saat ana jana bahot kam hojata hai, agey chalkar saal bhar me ek aad mulaqat ya baaz auqat doori k sabab usse bhi kam. Yahi haal marhoom ka hota hai duniya ki zidegi/aish-o-aram, baal bacche, ghar baar, jamaa punji k chutne ka gham aur Qabr ki andheri jagah, jism na hilane aur madad k liye awaz na de sakne ki bebasi, nakirain ka khouf, anjam ki fikr aur aamal k mutabik roz ka jadwal. Ye Qayamat tak wahi rahega, hum usko is cheez se baher nahi nikal sakte lekin haan naafa pahuncha sakte hai aur awwal auqat me jab isko nayapan aur pareshani zyada hoti isko iski zaroorat zyada hoti hai. Isiliye koshish ki jati hai k awwal aquat me zyada se zyada marhoom ke liye esal-e-sawab kiya jaye.
Tafseer-e-Roohul Bayan و ھذا کتاب انزلناہ مبارک ki tafseer me hai k ‘hazrath Aaraj ‘ ؓ se marvi hai “Quran-e-paak k daur ke baad ki jane wali dua pe 4000 farishtey ‘Ameen’ kahtey hain aur parhne walo ki maghfirat ki dua katey hain , Ye riwayat Imam Nawawi (rah) ki kitab, “Kitabul Azkaar, Kitaabu-Tilaawatil-Quran” me bhi hai, jahan is baat ki tasdeeq ki gayi hai k Quran mukammil karne k baad maangi jane wali dua khubool hoti hai. Lehaza Qatm-e-Quran paak k saat dua karna bather hai.
Yahi wajah hai k aksar log Quran e pak ka ehtemam karte hain, Khatme-Quran karwana shart nahi hai. isi tarah ye kahna ke kuch suratey to esal-e-sawab ki ja sakti hain lekin pura Quran nahi ye bhi ghalat hai ke Islam me aysee koi shart ya muminiyat nahi. Chahe ek ayat ho ya pura Quran, Esal-e-sawab dono surtoun me jayez hai.
Umuman pahle din tadfeen k baad kuch tilawat-e-Quran karke esal-e-sawab aur dua hoti hai, aksar gharoun me sadme ki wajah se pahle din kasrat se tilawat aur esal-e-sawab kam hi hota hai. Dusre din subah (Qabr ki pahli raat k baad) log ziyarat ko jatey hain aur tilawat aur fatiha padhtey hain, ghar per bhi tilawat aur esal-e-sawab ka silsila hota hai, teesre din bhi isi tarah hota hai lekin kyunke Deen-e-Islam me teen din se zyada sok nahi logon ka ayadat k liye ana jana bhi kam hojata hai is din koshish hoti hai k tilawat aur sadqa karke zyada se zyada esal-e-sawab pahunchaya jaye (awam aur rishtedar ko bhi chahiye k hattul imkan 3 din k andar ayadat kare aur dubra ya baar baar iyadat k liye na jaye k isse marhoom k ghar walon ka gham taza hoga aur takleef badhegi). Yahi amal teeja k naam se mashoor huwa. Ashiatul-Lam’aa me hai k, “Intiqaal ke din se kamaz kam saat din sadaqa diya jaye.” – Baabu Ziyaaratil-Quboor. Ye bhi ek wajah hai ke bahot muqamat per lagatar 7 din sadaqa/khairat kiya jata hai. Ahmed Yaar Khan Nayeemi sahab apni kitab 'Ja-al-Haq Bab Esal-e-sawab' me Anware-Satia aur Khazaanatur-Riwaayat se naqal karte huwe likhtey hain k Huzoor ne apne chacha hazrath Ameer hamza k intiqaal k baad 3, 7, 40 we din aur dusre digar dino me sadqa kiya. In riwayaton se maqsood ye k zyada se zyada sadqa karke marhoom ko naf'aa pahunchaya jaye.
In cheezo ka karna marhoom ko nafaa dega aur na karna gunah nahi. Ghalt tab hoga jab fatiha, teeja, dahum, chahloom ko ya in tareeq ki pabandi karne ko hukm-e-shariyat qarar dete huwe iske na karne wale ko gunahgar tasawwur kiya jaye aur alhamdulillah ye kisi bhi musalmaan ka aqida nahi hai.
Din aur tariq ka mutayyin logon ki asani aur yaadesh k liye hota hai, takey sab logon ko pahle se iska pata ho, log basani jama ho aur tilawate k kalam pak, durood ya digar esal-e-sawab ki suratey ba asani anjam di ja sakey. Jaise shariyat me namaz ka hukm hai lekin azan aur jamat banane k liye ghante aur minute muqarar nahi, ye masjid ki intezamiya committi ta’y karti hai aur notice lagati hai takey her namaz aur roz ke liye aelaan na karna parhe aur roz ek hi waqt pe ho to logo ko apne kaam niptane aur jamat k liye jamah hone me asani hoti hai. Isi tarah fatiha k liye in dino ka intiqaab amal me aya lekin ise shart nahi kaha gaya. Jo tisre, daswain ya chailse wain din na karna chahe wo roz ya 5,6 9, 11, 13, 40,99, 100, juma/itwaar/mangal yani apni asani k mutabiq jab sadqa aur esal-e-sawab karna chahe karain, jitna zyada kar sakain utna hume tilawat/sadqe ka sawab aur marhoom ko nafaa pahunchega.
6. Sawal Jawab:
1) Sawal: Jab Insan marta hai hai to naik amal k darwaze band hojate hain, siwaye teen chizon k a) sadqe jariya b) faidemand ilm c) Naik aulad jo iske liye zariye baqshish hai (Mahfoom-e-Hadith, Saheeh Muslim, kitab al wasiya 13, Hadith 4005) Isse se kya murad hai?
Jawab: Is se ye murad hai ke insaan ke sare 'zati' amal aur zati 'neki' kamane k zaraye band ho jate hain siwae is k teen aamal k jiske karne per baad-e-wafat bhi isko in amaal ka nafa pahunchta rahega. Sadqa-e-jaria aur dusro ko naf'a pahunchane wala ilm iske liye sawab-e-jaria hai aur aulad ki dua se murad aulad ki naik tarbiyat hai jo iske liye zariye esal-e-sawab aur baqshish ka zariya banegi.
Ye samjhna k sadqe jaria aur aulad ki dua k alawa kuch aur faida na dega ye ghalat hai jab k zindon ka marne wale aur dusre ummatiyoun k liye digar aamal ke zariye sawab pahunchana Quran aur Ahadess se sabit hai, jaise namaze janaza, tadfeen k baad dua, nafil namaz, surah baqra/yaseen ki tilawat, ghulam azad karna, huzoor ﷺ ka ummatiyou ko sawab pahunchana, sahabi ka dusre sahabi k liye dua karna waghaira.
Khud Ibn Taymiyya k shagird, Imaam Ibn al-Qayyim ne isi sawal ka is tarah diya, "Jo log is Hadees ko lekar ye kahte hain, k sare amal aur sawab k darwaze band hogaye to ye hadees unhone ghalat tariqe se pesh ki. Huzoor ﷺ ne ye nahi kaha ke 'Isko bilkul bhi faida nahi hoga' balke ye kaha k iske khud ke amal band hojayenge. Jahan tak sawab ka talluq hai, jisne naik amal kiya usko bhi sawab milega aur agar wo marne wale ko pahunchaye to marhoom ko bhi uska sawab milega. iske zati amal ka band hone ek cheez hai aur dusro k aamal ka sawab ka pahunchna dusri cheez hai. isi tarah 'Qabr me ishiki naiki aur amal kaam ayenge' iska mahfoom bhi yahi hai - isse ye sabit nahi hota k dusro k pahunchaye huwe digar naikiyaan aur amaal ka sawab ise nahi pahunchega ( Mahfoom: Kitab al-Rooh, p. 129)
2) Sawal: وَ اَنۡ لَّیۡسَ لِلْاِنۡسَانِ اِلَّا مَا سَعٰی ﴿ۙ۳۹﴾, [Surah Najm 56:39] tarjuma "aur ye ke aadmi na paayega magar apni koshish" [yane Insaan wahi payega jo isne kiya] phir dusro ka sawab jo marhoom ne khud nahi kiya isko kaise pahunchega?.
Jawab: Uper pesh ki gayi riwayato se ye wazey hai k marhoom ko marne k baad bhi sawab aur naf'aa pahunchta hai aur namaze janaza ka pura maqsad marne wale ko nafa'a pahunchana hota hai. Agar koi in ayaat ki tafseer istarha kare k momin ko iske zaati amal ke siwa kuch bhi nafa na dega to ye ma'ine uper ki in sari riwayato aur dusri Qurani ayaat se takrati hain, jahan Quran me zikr hai "Aye rab, muaf farma hamare bhaiyoun ko jo hum se pahle guzargaye' [Al Hashr 59:10]. Yahan dusro ki dua ka zikr hai jo marne wale ke zaati amal nahi.
Tafseer-e-Khazainul Irfan, me hai ke is ayat se amal morad yeh hai ke aadmi apni hi nakiyon se faida paata hai aur yeh mazmoon bhi saheefay ibrahim o moosa ؑ ka hai. aur kaha gaya hai ke un hi ummatoun ke liye khaas tha. hazrat ibn-e abbas ؓ ney farmaya ke yeh hukum hamari Shariat mein aayat (لْحقْنا بھمْ ذریتھمْ اَ) [Surah Toor 52:21] se mansookh hogaya. hadees shareef mein hai ke 1 shakhs nay sayyide aalam ﷺ se arz kya ke meri maa ki wafaat hogayi agar mein is ki taraf se sadqa dun kya nafaa hoga? farmaya : haan. is aayat ki Tafseer mein aik qoul yeh bhi hai ke yahan insaan se kafir murad hai aur maienay yeh hain ke kafir ko koi bhalai nah miley gi bajuz is ke jo is ny ki ho ke duniya hi mein wusat rizaq ya tandrusti waghera se is ka badla day diya jayega taakay akhirat mein is ka kuch hissa baqi nah rahay. aur aik maienay aayat ke mufisrin ney yeh bhi bayan kiye hain ke aadmi Adal wohi paye ga jo is ny kya ho aur Allah taala apne fazl se jo chahay ataa farmaiye. aur aik qoul mufasireen ka yeh bhi hai ke momin ke liye dosra momin jo neki karta hai woh neki khud isi momin ki shumaar ki jati hai jis ke liye ki gayi ho kyunkay is ka karne wala misl naib o wakeel ke is ka qaim maqam hota hai.
Tafseer-e-Noorul irfan: "yaani faraaiz badani doosron ki taraf se adaa nahi hogi*, sa'aa se is hi taraf ishara kiya gaya, warna apni nekiyon ka sawab doosre ko bakhash dena jaaez hai, bahuth si ahaadees me waarid hai. ye matlab bhi hosakta hai ke apni milk apne aamaal hi hain, is tarah ke "lilinsaan" me 'ل' (Laam) milkiyyath ka huwa, lihaaza doosron ke sawab bhejne ki ummeed par neki na choro. baaz ne farmaya yahan insaan se muraad kaafir hai matlab ye hai ke kaafir ke liye eesaal e sawab durust nahi". (*Siwaye Farz Haj ke iske liye shariyat me kuch sharayet k saat Hajj-e-Badal ki ijazat hai).
Esal-e-sawab masail aur bakasrate hadees se saabit hai ke mayyat ko sadqat o khairat se jo sawab pohanchaya jata hai, yeh amal ahadees ke bilkul mutabiq hai.
3) Sawal: kya ahadees me teen din se kam waqt me Quran mukammil karne per mumaniyat nahi? phir khatm-e-Quran Kaise Jaiz hai?
Jawab: Jis ahadees ki taraf ishara hai Iski tafseel istarah hai ke digar mauqo per sahaba huzoor ﷺ ki bargah me aye aur arz ki, Ya RasoolAllah ﷺ mai zyada Quran padne ki taqat rakhta hoon, huzoor ﷺ ne alag alag maukhon per baaz sahaba ko 7 din aur baaz ko 3 din ki ijazat di, ek hadees me hai k Huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya, “jisne teen din se kam muddat me quran mukammil kiya usey Quran samjh nahi ayega” [Abu Dawood, Kitab al Salat 6, Hadith 1389]
Pahli baat ye ke ye riwayat ek shakhs tanha Quran mukammil karne k talluq se hai aur is per bhi fuqha Ikram ne farmaya k ye Hadees ka hukm aam awaam k mutabiq aur roz isko apni adat na banane k talluq se hai, takey parhne aur samjhne mai ghalti na ho. Hafidh Ibn Rajab farmate hain, "Quran ko teen din se qabl mukammil karne ki manahi aam tour per iski adat banane ke hawale se hai. Aur Jahan tak khaas ayyam ka talluq hai, Jaise Ramadhan aur mutabarrik ratain jisme shab-e-Qadr talash ki jaye ya phir mutabarrik muqham, jaise Makka, in muqamat aur in auqat me zyada se zyada tilawat-e-Quran afzal hai aur zyada barkatain hasil ki ja sakti hain. Yahi Khaoul Imam Ahmed, Abu Ishaq aur digar Ulema ka hai, aur dusro k amal se bhi sabit hai (Lataa'if-ul-Ma'aarif: pg. 102-103) ye aslaaf k amal sabit hai, jinme se kuch ka zikr niche kiya gaya hai.
a. Imam Dhahabi (rah) likhtey hain k Imam Bukhari (rah) dauran-e-ramadah her din ek Quran aur tarawi me teen din me ek Quran mukammil farmatey (Al-Dhahabî, Siyar A’lâm Al-Nubalâ` 12:439)
b. Qataadah ؓ aam tour per 7 din, Ramadhan me 3 din aur ramadhan k akhree dahey me her raat ek Quran mukammil farmatey [Siyar 5/276] .
c. Al-Rabee ibn sulaymaan (rah) se manqool hai, Imam al-Shaafa’i ؓ ramadhan ul mubarak me 60 daur mukammil farmatey (Al-Siyar 10/36)
d. Al- Nawawi (rah) farmatain hain, "Hazrath Mujahid se marvi hai k wo dauran-e-Ramadan her raat ek Quran ki tilawat farmatey" [Al-Tibyaan. (p. 74), aapne farmaya iski isnaad sahih hai].
e. Ek riwayat se manqool hai k, Hadrat Utmaan ؓ ne Muqame Ibraheem k paas ek rakaah me pura Quran padha (Abu Naaym, Hilya, Jild 1, safa 561).
f. Ibraaheem al-Nakha’i farmatey hain: Dauran-e-ramadhan Al-Aswad her do raat me ek Quran ka daur farmatey (Al-Siyar 4/51).
g. Al-Qaasim ibn al-Haafiz ibn ‘Asaakir (rah) farmatey hain "Mere walid jamat se padhtey aur roz-ana Quran ki tilawat kartey, her 7 din me ek Quran aur dauran-e-ramadhan her roz ek daur farmatey (Al-Siyar 20/562)
h. Huzoor ﷺ ne farmaya, k Hazrath Dawood ؑ per zabur asan kardi gayi k aap ghorey (horse) pe zein (seat) dalne ko kahte iske dalejane se pahle zabur ki tilawat mukammil farmatey (Bukhari 55/628, 60/237) Zabur Quran se zyada taweel kitab hai, isi tarah sayyiduna Ali ؓ ki karamat bhi mashoor hai, aap muqtasar se lamhe me Quran tilawat farmate, ghore ki zein me ek tarf pair rakhtey aur dusri tarf pair dalne se pahle mukammil Quran ki tilawat farmatey [Shawahidun Nabuwwa pg 212] Isme koi shak nahi key aam halat nahi balke, Zabur ka parna Dawood ؑ ka Mujiza aur Tilawat-e-Quran Hazrath Ali ؓ ki karamata hai. inke zikr ka maqsad ye hai ke inka fa'il (action) chahe aam ho ya karamaat bilashuba shariyat k daire k baher nahi hota.
Isi tarha aise huffaz jinki tilawat-o-tajweed saaf ho, ghaltiyan na ho, samajh ati ho to wo bhi kasrat se Quran padh saktey hain, jaise k ramadan k shabino me paya jata hai. Masjid Haram me dauran-e-ramazan, tarawi me pahli ramzan se lekar 29 tak ek Quran pardhi jaati hai aur agar Shawwal ka chand 29 ko na huwa to aaj bhi aakhri din mukammil Quran ki tilawat ki jati hai. Isi tarah Abu Dhabi (UAE), Shaykh Zayed (father of nation and ruler of UAE) ki mazar per esal-e-sawab k liye riyasati awqaf ki janib se do huffaz rakhe gaye hain, jo siwaye awqat-e-namaz ek k baad ek musalsil Quran-e-pak ki tilawat kartey hain.
Imam Nawawi (rah) Quran k daur ki kasrat se talluq suwal ke jawab me farmatey hain, "Bahter khoul ye k ye her shakhs ke liye juda juda hoga, jo iske maney per ghour karsakta hai aur samjh sakta hai wo zyada se zyada padh sakta hai jabtak iski samjh aye, jo ilm pahunchane aur digar dini aur musalmano ki bahetri k kaamo me masroof ho wo itna padhe k isse dini kaam pe asar na padhe. Jo in ikhsaam me se nahi wo itna padhe jitna bina bezaar huwe asani se ho. [Al Nawawi, Al-Tibyaan p. 76]
Dusri baat, Jahan esal-e-sawab k liye Khatm-e-Quran ki majlis ka zikr hai isme aksar bahot log shamil hote hain. Her ek shakhs kuch parey ya kuch sureh ki tilawat k zariye khatm-e-quran me tawoon kartey hain. Kuch sureh ya hissoun ki tilawat karna ka matlab ye nahi k her shakhs ne mukammil ek ek Quran padha! Quran ki majalis me shamil hona, sunna, parna Allah ko pasanida aur mustahab amal hai, aur dhero naikiyan kamane ka zariya. mere Aqa huzoor ﷺ farmatey hain, "Jisne Allah ki Kitab se ek hurf padha us k liye 10 nekiyan hai, aur main nahi kahta k Alif-Laam-Meem ek hurf hai balke Alif ek hurf hai, Laam ek hurf aur meem ek hurf hai. (Tirmidhi 650)
Aur Akhir me phir se fatiha ke maney pe tawajju dilana chahuga k aisa koi bhi amal nahi jo fatiha k liye khaas ya zaruri ho balke koi bhi neki ko esal-e-sawab kiya ja sakta hai. Jitni Quran ki tilawat ki jaye utna parne wale ko sawab aur murde ko naf'aa. ya phir chahe to surah yaseen, surah mulk ya dusri un surtoun k daur karwa'en jo Ahadith se sabit hai murde ko naf'aa pahunchati hain. Agar esal-e-sawab kiya jaye to murde k liye naf'aa hai aur na bhi karwaya to aap gunahgar nahi albatta murdey ko faida nahi hoga. Shayed hum gunahgaroun ko is sawab ki ahmiyat marne k baad samajh aye magar afsos mangne k liye bahot der ho chuki hogi.
4) Sawal: Alam-e-Barzaq kya hai? Kya marne wale ka Esal-e-sawab pahunchaye jane ka ilm hota hai, jabke wo murda hai aur dhair sari mitti k niche dafn hai?
Jawab: Marne k baad kuch logon k jism sahi salamat hote hain aur kuch logon k jism sadh/gal kar mitti me mil jatey hain jabke rooh ko maut nahi aur wo baqi rahti hai, maut k baad ki ye zindegi ko alam-e-barzaq kahte hain. Zindo k liye ye ek raaz hai kyunki inki dunia marne walo ki dunia se alag hai. Marne walo ki zindegi inki is duniya k mutabiq hoti hai jahan per inko takleef, khushi, gham ka ahsas bhi hota hai. Haan magar zindo ko inki zidegi, inki mushkilat-o-masrrat aur iski shiddat ka ahasas nahi hota, kyunke hum inko dekhne aur mahsoos karne se qasir hain. Hume iska pata sirf Huzoor ﷺ ke zariye maloom hota hai, jinhe Allah subhanahu wa tala ne in poshida cheezo ka ilm ata farmaya. lehaza roohani zindegi ko zahiri halat, aam istedlal ya ek riwayat ki bina per dusri riwayat ko nazar-andaz karke nahi balke jumla quran-o-Hadith ki talimat k roushni me samjha jayega. Aise na kiya jaye to ye gumrahi ka sabab banega.
Rooh ek Jism-e-Lateef hai (subtle body), Jaise hudood hamare dekhne, sunne, safar karne, ya kisi saqt cheez jaise dewaar ko paar karne me hain wo inko nahi, rooh in duniawee hudood se parey hai . Ahadith se humko ye pata chalta hai ke - Marne ke baad murdo ko apne ird gird hone wale chizo ka ahsas hota hai - koun inhe ghusl de raha hai (1) - Janaza ko kidhar le jaya ja raha hai - Janaze ki cheeqo pukar itni buland hoti hai ki siwae insaan aur jinn k sari maqlooq ko sunayee deti hai (2)- maut ke baad, rooh ko aasman per lejaya jata hai (3), phir tadfeen k baad sawal jawab k liye bina mitthi hataye ya darwaze k Qabar me wapis laya jata hai - Purshish ke dauran, isey apno ki maujoodgi aur dua se itminan-o-sukoon milta hai (4) - Sawal Jawab k baad ise jannat ya dozak me apna muqam dikhaya jayega (5), iske bawajood k ye dedh gaz mitthi ke niche dafn hai inki nazar zameen ko cheerti aasmano se guzarti huwi Jannat/dozaq me apne muqam ko dekhte hai - zameen ki itni hi niche se ye tadfeen karke wapis hone wale logon ke khadmo ki ahat ko sunta hai (6) - zindo ke halat aur inke aamal mudon per zahir kiye jatey hain (6a) - Qabr per aney walon k ye dekhte aur pahchante hai (7) - salam ka jawab lautatey hain (8) - apno k amal se inhe khushi ya dukh hasil hota hai (9)- wo apas me mulaqat kartey hain (10) - hatta k baaz zindo k khwaab me bhi asaktey hain (11).
Ye sab riwayat alam-e-arwa ki sunne/dekhne ki taqat, inke dunia se jude talluq ki qism aur inke zindegi ke halat bayan kartey hain. Magar, inko isper quwwat, iqtiyar aur azadi inke darajat ke mutabiq hoti hai. Kuffar,mushrikeen aur gunahgar musalman azab me mubtila hote hai aur ye inke liye ek khism ka khaidkhana hai jabke Naiko per Allah ka fazl hota hai aur ye azad hote hain (12). Aur jinko Allah chahe unhe aney/janey per bhi ikhtiyar ata kiya jata hai jaisa Shab-e-Miraj k waqiye se wazey hai, Sarkar ﷺ ne Musa ؑ ko apni Qabr me namaz padta huwa paya (13), masjid-e-aqsa pahunche to Musa ؑ ko ambia ؑ ki saf me intizar karte huwe paya jabke aap ﷺ tez raftar buraq per aqsa tashreef legaye, phir asmano pe pahunche to wahan aapؑ ko phir istiqbaal karte huwe paya. Aur sab me buland aur aala darja "Rafi ul Aala", Sarkar ﷺ ka darja hai.
Pata chala, baat arwa ki nahi balke hamare iqtiyar ki hai, ye hamare bus me nahi ke hum unse rabita qayam karsakain, unke marne k baad hamara unse rabita toot jata hai kyunki hamare liye hamari duniyawi zindegi k hudood hain. Allah tala ke wo naik bande jo ruhani darjat per faiz hain unhe Allah tala ne ye taqat ata ki wo in halat ko dekh, sun saktey hain, hatta ke in me se kuch baat bhi karsaktey hain (14)(15), Huzoor ﷺ ne miraj ki shab ambia ؑ se salam kalam aur guftugu ki, sare ambia ؑ ki jamat karwayee, sabne aapki aawaz pe takbeer aur namaz ada ki. Ulema-e-haq ne is mauzoo per bahot sari taweel kitabain likhi hai, inke ilm k samundar k agey kuch aur bayan karna mushkil hai albatta jin cheezo ka uper bayan kiya gaya unke hawaljat niche diye gaye hain.
Hawalajat:
1. Imam suyuti, Shara us sudoor pg 206/207, Ibn ul Qayyim - kitab ar rooh
2. Bukhari Kitab al Janaiz 23/400, 402, 462), tadfeen ke baad bhi digar sari maqlooq ko iski chiqhain sunayee deti hain Bukhari 23/422
3. Sahih Muslim 40/6867
4. Sahih Muslim 01/220, Abu Dawood kitabul janaiz 20/3215, Kitab ar rooh.
5. Muslim 40/6862, Iska Muqam roz dikhaya jata hai Bukhari 23/461, 54/463
6. Sahih Bukhari 23/456, Muslim 40/6862, murde ko bithaya jayega Bukhari 23/422
6a. Musnad Ahmed 3:165.
7. tafseer ibn katheer surah rum, Imam Syuti - sharah us sudoor, Imam Ghazali Eyha ul uloom
8. tafseer ibn katheer al-Rum (3:438), ibn Qayyim Kitab-ar-Ruuh, P. 101-102, Ehya ul Uloom - ziyartul quboor, Abu Dawud 4/2036,
9. kitab ar rooh, sharah sudoor P198/473
10. Sunan an-Nasa'i 1833, kitab ar rooh, sharah us sudoor - Ch 10, Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 24/368, Al-Rooh p. 17, 18
11. sharah us sudoor- chapter 27/28 , kitab ar rooh, isi tarah Huzoor k khwaab me haqiqi dikhne ke Ahadith jaise Bukhari 3/110
12. Aal ‘Imraan 3:169, Muslim 20/4651, sharah us sudoor Ch29/26, and Kitab-ar-Ruuh, P. 101-102
13. Muslim 30/5858, 1/328 - Nasai, Book of Salah, Ch Zikr Salat Nabi Allah Musa(a.s), Vol2 pg 237/H1630-1636 - Sunan Al Kubra, Book of Salah, Ch Zikr Salat Nabi Allah Musa Bil-Laiyl Vol 2 Pg Hadith : 1330
14. Murdon ka sunna, Sahih Bukhari, 23/452, Majmuaat-al-Fatawa by Ibne Taymiyyah, vol. 24, page 362]
15. Calipha Umar ka marhoom naujawan se baat karna [Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Quran 7:201, Tarikh Damishq, jild 45, p.45, Imam Suyuti Sharh al Sudur, Kanzul Ummal,4634, Abdul wahab al Najdi - Ahkam Tamanni al Mawt, Imam al-Bayhaqi - shub-ul-Iman dusri sanad ke saat] isi tarah hazrath Ali ka murdon se baat karna aur unhe duniya ki itella'a dena demise (Sharh-us-Sudūr, pp. 209, Ibn-e-‘Asākir, jild 27, pp. 395], Imam hussain ka neze per se tilawat karna Sharh-us-Sudur, p. 212]
